String Expressions

For now, one string operator, concatenation, “+”

Consider

string bookTitle;

string phrase1; string phrase2;

phrase1 = “Programming and ”;

phrase2 = “Problem Solving”;

bookTitle = phrase1 + phrase2;

bookTitle has “Programming and Problem Solving” stored

bookTitle = phrase2 + phrase1;

bookTitle now has “Problem SolvingProgramming and ” stored

Warning: At least one of the operands must be a string variable or named constant.

Output

We use cout and the insertion operator “<<“.

cout << “Hello”;

cout displays the string inserted characters on the standard output device, usually the video screen.

cout << “The title is ” << bookTitle + “ , 2nd Edition”;

OutputStatement

cout << Expression << Expression …;

Output Examples

Initializations ch = ‘2’ firstName = “Marie”

lastName = “Curie”

Statement What Is Printed

( means blank)

cout << ch; 2

cout << “ch = ” << ch; ch=2

cout << firstName + “ ” + lastName; MarieCurie

cout << firstName << lastName; MarieCurie

cout << firstName << ‘ ’ << lastName; MarieCurie

cout << “ERROR MESSAGE”; ERRORMESSAGE

cout << “Error=” << ch; Error=2

Program Construction

Program FunctionDefinition

One Function Program Example

//************************************************************

// PrintName program

// This program prints a name in two different formats

//************************************************************

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

const string FIRST = "Herman";    // Person's first name

const string LAST = "Smith";      // Person's last name

const char   MIDDLE = 'G';        // Person's middle initial

Program Example (continued)

int main()

{

    string firstLast;    // Name in first-last format

    string lastFirst;    // Name in last-first format

    firstLast = FIRST + " " + LAST;

    cout << "Name in first-last format is " << firstLast

         << endl;

    lastFirst = LAST + ", " + FIRST + ", ";

    cout << "Name in last-first-initial format is ";

    cout << lastFirst << MIDDLE << '.' << endl;

    return 0;

}

More Syntax

Block Statement

Function

More About Output

Statements

cout << “Hi there, ”;

cout << “Lois Lane. ” << endl;

cout << “Have you seen ”;

cout << “Clark Kent?” << endl;

Output

Hi there, Lois Lane.

Have you seen Clark Kent?

Still More About Output

Statements

cout << “Hi there, ” << endl;

cout << “Lois Lane. ” << endl;

cout << “Have you seen ” << endl;

cout << “Clark Kent?” << endl;

Output

Hi there,

Lois Lane.

Have you seen

Clark Kent?

Another Output Example

Statements

cout << “Hi there, ” << endl;

cout << “Lois Lane. ”;

cout << “Have you seen ” << endl;

cout << “Clark Kent?” << endl;

Output

Hi there,

Lois Lane. Have you seen

Clark Kent?

Last Output Example For Now

Statements

cout << “Hi there, ”;

cout << “Lois Lane. ”;

cout << “Have you seen ”;

cout << “Clark Kent?” << endl;

Output

Hi there, Lois Lane. Have you seen Clark Kent?

Problem-Solving Case Study

Problem: You must write a program to write personalized contest entry letters. As a first effort, you need it to work for one name. Later, it will read names from a mailing list file.

Output: A form letter with a name inserted at the appropriate point so that it appears to be a personal letter.

Discussion: You need to insert a name in the marketing department’s text. The parts of a person’s name need to be stored separately, different parts are used in different places. You need to use the string concatenation operator.

Algorithm

Form Letter Program

//************************************************************

// FormLetter program

// This program prints a form letter for a promotional contest.

// It uses the four parts of a name to build name strings in

// four different formats to be used in personalizing the letter

//**************************************************************

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

const string TITLE = "Dr.";             // Salutary title

const string FIRST_NAME = "Margaret";   // First name of addressee

const string MIDDLE_INITIAL = "H";      // Middle initial

const string LAST_NAME = "Sklaznick";   // Last name of addressee

Form Letter (continued)

int main()

{

    string first;        // Holds the first name plus a blank

    string fullName;     // Complete name, including title

    string firstLast;    // First name and last name

    string titleLast;    // Title followed by the last name

    // Create first name with blank

    first = FIRST_NAME + " ";

    // Create full name

    fullName = TITLE + " " + first + MIDDLE_INITIAL;

    fullName = fullName + ". " + LAST_NAME;

    // Create first and last name

    firstLast = first + LAST_NAME;

Form Letter (continued)

// Create title and last name

    titleLast = TITLE + " " + LAST_NAME;

    // Print the form letter

    cout << fullName << " is a GRAND PRIZE WINNER!!!!" << endl<< endl;

    cout << "Dear " << titleLast << "," << endl << endl;

    cout << "Yes it's true! " << firstLast << " has won our" << endl;

    cout << "GRAND PRIZE -- your choice of a 42-INCH* COLOR" << endl;

    cout << "TV or a FREE WEEKEND IN NEW YORK CITY.**" << endl;

    cout << "All that you have to do to collect your prize is”<< endl;

    cout << "attend one fun-filled all-day presentations” << endl;

    cout << "on the joys of owning a timeshare condominium" << endl;

    cout << "trailer at the Happy Acres Mobile Campground in“ << endl;

    cout << "beautiful Panhard, Texas!" << first << "I know” << endl;

    cout << "that the 3-hour drive from the nearest airport” << endl;

    cout << "to Panhard may seem daunting at first, but isn't" <<endl;

Yet More Form Letter

cout << "it worth some extra effort to receive such a" << endl;

cout << "FABULOUS PRIZE? So why wait? Call us right" << endl;

cout << "now to schedule your visit and collect your" << endl;

    cout << "GRAND PRIZE!" << endl << endl;

    cout << "Most Sincerely," << endl << endl;

    cout << "Argyle M. Sneeze" << endl << endl << endl << endl;

    cout << "* Around the circumference of the packing” << endl;

    cout << "crate. ** Includes air fare and hotel." << endl;

    cout << "Departure from Nome, AK; surcharge from” << endl;

    cout << "other airports. Accommodations within” << endl;

    cout << "driving distance of New York at the CheapTel” << endl;

    cout << "in Plattsburgh, NY." << endl;

    return 0;

}


For now, one string operator, concatenation, “+”
Consider
	string bookTitle;
	string phrase1; string phrase2;
	phrase1 = “Programming and ”;
	phrase2 = “Problem Solving”;
	bookTitle = phrase1 + phrase2;
		bookTitle has “Programming and Problem Solving” stored
	bookTitle = phrase2 + phrase1;
		bookTitle now has “Problem SolvingProgramming and ” stored
Warning: At least one of the operands must be a string variable or named constant.


	We use cout and the insertion operator “<<“.
		cout << “Hello”;
	cout displays the string inserted characters on the standard output device, usually the video screen.
		cout << “The title is ” << bookTitle + “ , 2nd Edition”;
	OutputStatement
	cout << Expression << Expression …;


	Initializations ch = ‘2’ firstName = “Marie”
	lastName = “Curie”
	Statement What Is Printed
	( means blank)
	cout << ch; 2
	cout << “ch = ” << ch; ch=2
	cout << firstName + “ ” + lastName; MarieCurie
	cout << firstName << lastName; MarieCurie
	cout << firstName << ‘ ’ << lastName; MarieCurie
	cout << “ERROR MESSAGE”; ERRORMESSAGE
	cout << “Error=” << ch; Error=2


	//************************************************************
	// PrintName program
	// This program prints a name in two different formats
	//************************************************************
	#include <iostream>
	#include <string>

	using namespace std;

	const string FIRST = "Herman"; // Person's first name
	const string LAST = "Smith"; // Person's last name
	const char MIDDLE = 'G'; // Person's middle initial


	int main()
	{
	string firstLast; // Name in first-last format
	string lastFirst; // Name in last-first format

	firstLast = FIRST + " " + LAST;
	cout << "Name in first-last format is " << firstLast
	<< endl;

	lastFirst = LAST + ", " + FIRST + ", ";
	cout << "Name in last-first-initial format is ";
	cout << lastFirst << MIDDLE << '.' << endl;

	return 0;
	}


	Statements
	cout << “Hi there, ”;
	cout << “Lois Lane. ” << endl;
	cout << “Have you seen ”;
	cout << “Clark Kent?” << endl;
	Output
	Hi there, Lois Lane.
	Have you seen Clark Kent?


	Statements
	cout << “Hi there, ” << endl;
	cout << “Lois Lane. ” << endl;
	cout << “Have you seen ” << endl;
	cout << “Clark Kent?” << endl;
	Output
	Hi there,
	Lois Lane.
	Have you seen
	Clark Kent?


	Statements
	cout << “Hi there, ” << endl;
	cout << “Lois Lane. ”;
	cout << “Have you seen ” << endl;
	cout << “Clark Kent?” << endl;
	Output
	Hi there,
	Lois Lane. Have you seen
	Clark Kent?


	Problem: You must write a program to write personalized contest entry letters. As a first effort, you need it to work for one name. Later, it will read names from a mailing list file.
	Output: A form letter with a name inserted at the appropriate point so that it appears to be a personal letter.
	Discussion: You need to insert a name in the marketing department’s text. The parts of a person’s name need to be stored separately, different parts are used in different places. You need to use the string concatenation operator.


	//************************************************************
	// FormLetter program
	// This program prints a form letter for a promotional contest.
	// It uses the four parts of a name to build name strings in
	// four different formats to be used in personalizing the letter
	//**************************************************************

	#include <iostream>
	#include <string>

	using namespace std;

	const string TITLE = "Dr."; // Salutary title
	const string FIRST_NAME = "Margaret"; // First name of addressee
	const string MIDDLE_INITIAL = "H"; // Middle initial
	const string LAST_NAME = "Sklaznick"; // Last name of addressee


	int main()
	{
	string first; // Holds the first name plus a blank
	string fullName; // Complete name, including title
	string firstLast; // First name and last name
	string titleLast; // Title followed by the last name

	// Create first name with blank
	first = FIRST_NAME + " ";

	// Create full name
	fullName = TITLE + " " + first + MIDDLE_INITIAL;
	fullName = fullName + ". " + LAST_NAME;

	// Create first and last name
	firstLast = first + LAST_NAME;


	// Create title and last name
	titleLast = TITLE + " " + LAST_NAME;

	// Print the form letter
	cout << fullName << " is a GRAND PRIZE WINNER!!!!" << endl<< endl;
	cout << "Dear " << titleLast << "," << endl << endl;
	cout << "Yes it's true! " << firstLast << " has won our" << endl;
	cout << "GRAND PRIZE -- your choice of a 42-INCH* COLOR" << endl;
	cout << "TV or a FREE WEEKEND IN NEW YORK CITY.**" << endl;
	cout << "All that you have to do to collect your prize is”<< endl;
	cout << "attend one fun-filled all-day presentations” << endl;
	cout << "on the joys of owning a timeshare condominium" << endl;
	cout << "trailer at the Happy Acres Mobile Campground in“ << endl;
	cout << "beautiful Panhard, Texas!" << first << "I know” << endl;
	cout << "that the 3-hour drive from the nearest airport” << endl;
	cout << "to Panhard may seem daunting at first, but isn't" <<endl;


	cout << "it worth some extra effort to receive such a" << endl;
	cout << "FABULOUS PRIZE? So why wait? Call us right" << endl;
	cout << "now to schedule your visit and collect your" << endl;
	cout << "GRAND PRIZE!" << endl << endl;
	cout << "Most Sincerely," << endl << endl;
	cout << "Argyle M. Sneeze" << endl << endl << endl << endl;
	cout << "* Around the circumference of the packing” << endl;
	cout << "crate. ** Includes air fare and hotel." << endl;
	cout << "Departure from Nome, AK; surcharge from” << endl;
	cout << "other airports. Accommodations within” << endl;
	cout << "driving distance of New York at the CheapTel” << endl;
	cout << "in Plattsburgh, NY." << endl;
	return 0;
	}